Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency Guidelines: Guidelines Summary (2024)

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  13. Report of the expert committee on the diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2003 Jan. 26 Suppl 1:S5-20. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

    See Also
    How Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency (EPI) is DiagnosedExocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency Workup: Laboratory Studies, Pancreatic Function Tests, Abdominal ImagingXylose Absorption Test - Testing.comOverview of Malabsorption - Gastrointestinal Disorders - MSD Manual Professional Edition

  14. Huang W, de la Iglesia-Garcia D, Baston-Rey I, et al. Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency Following Acute Pancreatitis: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Dig Dis Sci. 2019 Jul. 64 (7):1985-2005. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

  15. Sanklecha M, Balani K. Chronic pancreatic insufficiency-think of Shwachmann Diamond Syndrome. Indian Pediatr. 2012 May. 49(5):417-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  16. Nelson A, Myers K, Adam MP, et al. Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome. 2008 Jul 17 [updated 2018 Oct 18]. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

  17. Yatchenko Y, Horwitz A, Birk R. Endocrine and exocrine pancreas pathologies crosstalk: Insulin regulates the unfolded protein response in pancreatic exocrine acinar cells. Exp Cell Res. 2019 Jan 6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

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  25. de la Iglesia D, Vallejo-Senra N, Lopez-Lopez A, et al. Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency and cardiovascular risk in patients with chronic pancreatitis: a prospective, longitudinal cohort study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018 Aug 29. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  26. Vujasinovic M, Dugic A, Thiel T, Kjellman A, Yang C, Lohr JM. Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency is a risk factor for kidney stones in patients with chronic pancreatitis. Pancreatology. 2023 Apr. 23 (3):294-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

    See Also
    The serum D-xylose test as a useful tool to identify malabsorption in rats with antigen specific gut inflammatory reaction

  27. Lindkvist B, Dominguez-Munoz JE, Luaces-Regueira M, Castineiras-Alvarino M, Nieto-Garcia L, Iglesias-Garcia J. Serum nutritional markers for prediction of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency in chronic pancreatitis. Pancreatology. 2012 Jul-Aug. 12(4):305-10. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  28. Ghoshal UC, Kumar S, Chourasia D, Misra A. Lactose hydrogen breath test versus lactose tolerance test in the tropics: does positive lactose tolerance test reflect more severe lactose malabsorption?. Trop Gastroenterol. 2009 Apr-Jun. 30(2):86-90. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  29. Casterton PL, Verbeke KA, Brouns F, Dammann KW. Evaluation of sucromalt digestion in healthy children using breath hydrogen as a biomarker of carbohydrate malabsorption. Food Funct. 2012 Apr. 3(4):410-3. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  30. Hope HB, Tveito K, Aase S, Messelt E, Utzon P, Skar V. Small intestinal malabsorption in chronic alcoholism determined by 13C-D-xylose breath test and microscopic examination of the duodenal mucosa. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2010. 45(1):39-45. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

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  32. Hammer HF. Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency: diagnostic evaluation and replacement therapy with pancreatic enzymes. Dig Dis. 2010. 28(2):339-43. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  33. Gonzalez-Sanchez V, Amrani R, Gonzalez V, Trigo C, Pico A, de-Madaria E. Diagnosis of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in chronic pancreatitis: 13C-Mixed Triglyceride Breath Test versus Fecal Elastase. Pancreatology. 2017 Mar 6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  34. Saad M, Vitale DS, Lin TK, et al. Image or scope: magnetic resonance imaging and endoscopic testing for exocrine and endocrine pancreatic insufficiency in children. Pancreatology. 2023 Apr 16. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  35. Sankararaman S, Schindler T, Sferra TJ. Management of Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency in Children. Nutr Clin Pract. 2019 Oct. 34 Suppl 1:S27-S42. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

  36. Fieker A, Philpott J, Armand M. Enzyme replacement therapy for pancreatic insufficiency: present and future. Clin Exp Gastroenterol. 2011. 4:55-73. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

  37. Dominguez-Munoz JE. Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy for pancreatic exocrine insufficiency: when is it indicated, what is the goal and how to do it?. Adv Med Sci. 2011. 56(1):1-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  38. de la Iglesia-Garcia D, Huang W, Szatmary P, et al. Efficacy of pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy in chronic pancreatitis: systematic review and meta-analysis. Gut. 2016 Dec 9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

  39. Erchinger F, Ovre AKN, Aarseth MM, et al. Fecal fat and energy loss in pancreas exocrine insufficiency: the role of pancreas enzyme replacement therapy. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2018 Sep 7. 1-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  40. Lewis DM, Rieke JG, Almusaylim K, Kanchibhatla A, Blanchette JE, Lewis C. Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency Dosing Guidelines for Pancreatic Enzyme Replacement Therapy Vary Widely Across Disease Types. Dig Dis Sci. 2024 Feb. 69 (2):615-33. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  41. Ultresa. Drugs.com. Available at https://www.drugs.com/ultresa.html. Updated August 23, 2023; Accessed: February 22, 2024.

  42. Whitcomb DC, Lehman GA, Vasileva G, et al. Pancrelipase delayed-release capsules (CREON) for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency due to chronic pancreatitis or pancreatic surgery: A double-blind randomized trial. Am J Gastroenterol. 2010 Oct. 105(10):2276-86. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  43. Gubergrits N, Malecka-Panas E, Lehman GA, Vasileva G, Shen Y, Sander-Struckmeier S, et al. A 6-month, open-label clinical trial of pancrelipase delayed-release capsules (Creon) in patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency due to chronic pancreatitis or pancreatic surgery. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2011 May. 33(10):1152-61. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  44. Toskes PP, Secci A, Thieroff-Ekerdt R. Efficacy of a novel pancreatic enzyme product, EUR-1008 (Zenpep), in patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency due to chronic pancreatitis. Pancreas. 2011 Apr. 40(3):376-82. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  45. Trapnell BC, Strausbaugh SD, Woo MS, et al. Efficacy and safety of PANCREAZE® for treatment of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency due to cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros. 2011 Sep. 10(5):350-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

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  47. Borowitz D, Stevens C, Brettman LR, Campion M, Wilschanski M, Thompson H. Liprotamase long-term safety and support of nutritional status in pancreatic-insufficient cystic fibrosis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2012 Feb. 54(2):248-57. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  48. Phillips ME, Hopper AD, Leeds JS, et al. Consensus for the management of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency: UK practical guidelines. BMJ Open Gastroenterol. 2021 Jun. 8 (1):[QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  49. [Guideline] Whitcomb DC, Buchner AM, Forsmark CE. AGA Clinical Practice Update on the Epidemiology, Evaluation, and Management of Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency: Expert Review. Gastroenterology. 2023 Nov. 165 (5):1292-301. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

  50. Karnik NP, Jan A. Pancrelipase. 2020 Jan. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

  51. Venkatesh P, Kasi A. Pancrelipase Therapy. 2020 Jan. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency Guidelines: Guidelines Summary (2024)
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